Every peptide we’ve graded

BPC-157

BPC-157 is sold for tendon, gut, and muscle healing on the strength of rodent studies. Here is what those studies found, and why no human trial backs it yet.

Bremelanotide (PT-141)

Bremelanotide is FDA-approved as Vyleesi — for premenopausal women only. The label says it is not indicated in men. Here is what the trials measured.

Cagrilintide

Cagrilintide's famous numbers belong to CagriSema, the combination with semaglutide. Alone, its published record is one 26-week phase 2 dose-finding trial.

GHK-Cu

Every human trial of GHK-Cu is topical, and both were null on their objective endpoints. The FDA has drawn its line at exactly the injectable route.

Glutathione

Glutathione is sold as an injection for skin and energy. The randomized skin evidence is oral and topical, and the injected record is one 21-person pilot.

NAD+

Injected NAD+ has one randomized trial — 10 mg a day for a week, in heart failure patients. The large human literature is on oral precursors instead.

Retatrutide

The 24.2% is a phase 2 result from one 12 mg arm. One phase 3 has published — 15.3% at 40 weeks in type 2 diabetes. Four more finished unreported.

Semaglutide

Semaglutide has the longest outcomes data in the class — 17,604 patients, 39.8 months. Its newest indication, MASH, is accelerated approval on interim data.

Sermorelin

Sermorelin has 19 randomized trials, all from 1986 to 2005, and none measured aging, body composition or sleep. Here is what they did measure.

Survodutide

Survodutide's phase 2 reached 14.9% at 46 weeks. Its phase 3, at a higher dose over 76 weeks, reached 13.0% — with placebo at 5.4%. Not FDA-approved.

TB-500

TB-500 is a seven-residue fragment of thymosin beta-4, not the protein itself. The human trials people cite used the full protein, mostly as an eye drop.

Tesamorelin

Tesamorelin is FDA-approved — for visceral fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Its label says it is not indicated for weight loss and is weight-neutral.

Tirzepatide

Tirzepatide's 20.9% is the 15 mg arm of a 2,539-person trial. Approved for weight and sleep apnea; its outcomes trial showed noninferiority, not superiority.